Extravaganza
This Blog has topics from every aspects of life... Keep reading
Monday 6 March 2017
Monday 7 March 2016
Three Functions of the Muscles
Smooth Muscle - Found in the walls of most organs. They carry out the actions that we
don't have to think about. (Like breathing, or the expansion and contraction of
the lungs)
Skeletal Muscle - This is the most well-know muscle. It is used to move the bones in the
body. It is found almost everywhere in the body.
Cardiac Muscle - The function is to keep the heart beating. It is found only in the
heart.
Producing
Movement, Maintaining Posture and Body Position, Stabilizing Joints and Generating
Heat
Sunday 6 March 2016
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART
# The right
atrium (RA) receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the
lungs, throughthe superior and inferior
venae cavae. Blood flows out of the RA through the tricuspid valve intothe right ventricle.
# The right
ventricle (RV) pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary semilunar
valve
and into the pulmonary
artery, which carries it to the lungs.
# The left
atrium (LA) receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four
pulmonary
veins. The blood flows out of
the LA, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle.
# The left
ventricle (LV) receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium. Blood
flows out of the LVthrough the aortic semilunar
valve and into the aorta, which carries it to all parts of the body,except the lungs.
# Oxygen-poor blood is returned
by the venae cavae to the right atrium and the cycle
Tuesday 1 March 2016
Endocrine System - Abbreviation
NIDDM—non-insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus
LH—luteinizing hormone
IDDM—insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus
FSH—follicle stimulating
hormone
TSH—thyroid stimulating
hormone
TFT—thyroid function test
ß—beta
α—alpha
T4—thyroxine
T3—triiodothyronine
MSH—melanocyte
stimulating hormone
FBS—fasting blood sugar
BMR—basal metabolic rate
ACTH—adrenocorticotropic
hormone
ADH—antidiuretic hormone
NPH—neutral protamine
hagedorn
PBI—protein bound iodine
DM—diabetes mellitus
RIA—radioimmunoassay
RAI—radioactive iodine
PTH—parathyroid hormone
PRL—prolactin
GTT—glucose tolerance
test
GH—growth hormone
DI—diabetes insipidus
Sense Organs - Abbreviation
AD—Right Ear
AS—Left Ear
AU—Both Ears
OD—Right Eye
OS—Left Eye
OU—Both Eyes
ECCE—Extra
Capsular Cataract Extraction
IOL—Intraoccular
Lens
ENT—Ear Nose Throat
HEENT—Head Eyes
Ears Nose & Throat
PERRLA—Pupils
Equal Round Reactive to Light & Accomodation
AOM—Acute Otitis
Media
BSOM—Bilateral
Serous Otitis Media
CSOM—Chronic
Serous Otitis Media
PE tube—Pressure
Equalization Tubes
ADHD—Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
DT—Delirium
Tremors
MDD—Major
Depressive Disorder
PTSD—Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder
SAD—Seasonal
Affective Disorder
OCD—Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder
TD—Tardive
Dyskinesia
Blood System - Abbreviation
Ab—antibody
ABMT—autologous
bone marrow transplantation
ABO—four main
types of blood -A, B, AB, O
ALL—acute
lymphocytic leukemia
ANC—absolute
neutrophil count
ASCT—autologous
stem cell transplantation
Bands—Immature
white blood cells
Baso—basophils
BMT—bone marrow
transplantation
CBC—complete
blood count
CLL—chronic
lymphocytic leukemia
CML—chronic
myelogenous leukemia
DIC—disseminated
intravascular coagulation
Diff—differential
count
EBV—Epstein-Barr
virus
Eos—eosinophils
EPO—erythropoietin
ESR—erythrocyte
sedimentation rate
Fe—iron
G-CSF—granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor
GM-CSF—granulocyte-macrophage
colony-stimulating factor
g/dL—gram per
deciliter
GVHD—graft-versus-host
disease
HCL—hairy cell
leukemia
Hct—hematocrit
Hgb, HGB—hemoglobin
H and H—hemoglobin
and hematocrit
HLA—human
leukocyte antigen
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG,
IgM—immunoglobulins
Lymphs—lymphocytes
MCH—mean
corpuscular hemoglobin
MCHC—mean
corpuscular hemoglobin consentration
MCV—mean
corpuscular volume
MDS—myelodysplastic
syndrome
mm3—cubic
millimeter
Mono—monocyte
polys, PMNs, PMNLs—polymorphonuclear
leukocytes
PT, pro time—prothrombin
time
PTT—partial
thromboplastin time
RBC—red blood
cell; red blood cell count
sedrate—erythrocyte
sedimentation rate
segs—segmented,
mature white blood cells
SMAC—Sequential
Multiple Analyzer
mL note
different way of writing m—microliter
WBC—white blood
cells; white blood cell count
WNL—within normal
limits
Digestion System - Abbreviation
ABC—aspiration
biopsy cytology
alk phos—alkaline
phosphatase
ALT—alanine
aminotransferase
AST—angiotensin
sensitivity
Ba—barium
BE—barium enema
BM—bowel movement
BMI—body mass
index
CF—cystic
fibrosis
CT—computed tomography
EGD—esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP—endoscopic
retrograde cholangiopancreatography
GB—gallbladder
GBS—gallbladder
series (x-ray studies)
GER—gastroesophageal
reflux
GERD—gastroesophageal
reflux disease
GI—gastrointestinal
HAV—hepatitis A
virus
HBV—hepatitis B
virus
HCV—hepatitis C
virus
HDV—hepatitis D
virus
HEV—hepatitis E
virus
IBS—irritable
bowel syndrome
LFT—liver
function test
NG—nasogastric
PE—physical
examination; pulmonary embolism
PTHC—percutaneous
transhepatic cholangeography
stat, STAT—immediately
PMH—past medical
history
PUD—peptic ulcer
disease
RGB—Roux-en-Y
gastric bypass
R/O—rule out
a.c.—before meals
b.i.d.—twice a
day
hs—half strength
h.s.—at bedtime
NPO, n.p.o.—nothing
by mouth
pc, p.c.—afer
meals
p.o.—by mouth
p.r.n.—as
required
qAM—every morning
q.d.—every day
q.h.—every hour
q.2h.—every 2
hours
q.i.d.—four times
a day
q.o.d.—every
other day
qPM—every evening
t.i.d.—three
times a day
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