Adenoma—cancer of
glands
Adenopathy—condition
of gland disease
Adenitis—Inflammation
of glands
Anemia—condition
of low red blood cells or abnormality of the hemoglobin within the red blood
cells. This condition decreases the delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body
Arthralgia—joint
pain
Arthritis—Inflammation
of joints
Autopsy—a process
of viewing by oneself. Hence, it is an examination of a dead body with one’s
own eye to discover causes of death
Biology—process
of study of life
Biopsy—living
tissue of the body is removed for viewing under a microscope
Carcinogenic—pertaining
to producing cancer
Carcinoma—a
cancerous tumor
Cardiac—pertaining
to heart
Cardiology—process
of study of heart
Cephalic—pertaining
to head
Cerebral—pertaining
to cerebrum
Cystitis—urinary
bladder infection
Cystoscopy—process
of visual examination of urinary bladder
Cytology—process
of study of cell
Dermatitis—inflammation
of skin
Dermatology—process
of study of skin
Diagnosis—complete
knowledge
Electrocardiogram—record of
electricity in the heart
Electroencephalogram—record of
electricity in the brain
Endocrineglands—A gland
that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream pancreas, thyroid
gland, adrenal glands and pituitary gland
Endocrinologist—specialist
of endocrine gland
Endocrinology—process
of study of endocrine glands
Endoscope—an
instrument of below visual examination
Endoscopy—below
visual examination
Enteritis—inflammation
of small intestine
Enteropathy—disease
of small intestine
Epidermis—above
skin
Epigastric—pertaining
to above stomach
Erythrocyte—red blood
cell
Excision—process
of removal of an organ
Exocrineglands—A gland
that secretes a substance out through a duct. Sweat gland, a salivary gland, or
a kidney
Gastrectomy—surgical incision of stomach
Gastric—pertaining to stomach
Gastroenterology—process
of study of stomach and intestine
Gastrotomy—an act of cutting stomach
Gynecologist—specialist on female Reproductive
system
Gynecology—process of study of female
Hematology—process
of study of blood escapes from blood vessels and collects as a clot in a cavity
or organ under a skin
Hematoma—mass of blood.
Hemoglobin—protein in blood
Hepatitis—inflammation of liver
Hepatoma—mass of liver
Hyperglycemia—excessive
sugar in blood
Hyperthyroidism—over
production of thyroid hormones
Hypodermic—pertaining to below skin
Hypogastric—pertaining to below stomach
Hypoglycemia—low sugar in blood
Iatrogenic—pertaining to producing treatment
Ileum—part of small intestine
Ilium—part of a hip bone
Incision—condition to cut
Leukemia—a
progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by distorted
proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood
and bone marrow
Leukocyte—white blood cell
Leukocytosis—condition of white blood cell
Nephrectomy—surgical incision of a kidney
Nephritis—inflammation of kidney
Nephrology—process of study of kidneys
Nephrosis—condition of a kidney
Neuralgia—nerve
pain
Neural—pertaining
to nerve
Neurologic—pertaining
to nervous system or neurology
Neurology—process
of study of nervous system
Oncologist—specialists
in tumor
Oncology—process
of study of tumor
Ophthalmologist—specialist
in ophthalmology (eye)
Ophthalmoscope—an
instrument of visual examination of eye
Osteitis—inflammation
of bones
Osteoarthritis—inflammation
of bones and joints
Osteotomy—surgical
incision of bone
Pathogenic—pertaining
to produce disease
Pathologist—specialist
in anatomic (structural) and chemical changes that occur with diseases.
Pathology—process
of study of disease or anatomic and chemical changes
Pediatric—pertaining
to the health of the children
Pericardium—The pericardium is the thin, sac-like
membrane that surrounds the heart
Prognosis—before
knowledge. It is prediction of the outcome of an illness, but it is always
given after the diagnosis has been determined
Prostategland—a gland
in male mammals that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra and secretes
a liquid constituent of the semen
Psychiatrist—specialists
in mind disorder and medication
Psychology—process of study of mind
Radiology—process of study of X- rays
Renal—pertaining to kidney
Resection—cutting back in a sense of removal
Retrocardiac—behind the heart
Rhinitis—inflammation in nose
Sarcoma—mass of flesh
Subhepatic—pertaining to below liver
Thrombocyte—blood clothing
Transhepatic—pertaining to across the liver
Urology—process
of study of urinary bladder
Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
Regions
Hypochondriac
region—below the cartilage region
Hypogastric
region—below stomach region
Lumbar
region—between the ribs and hipbone, There are 5 lumbar vertebrae
(L1-L5)
Inguinal
region—pertaining to groin region
Umbilical
region—region of umbilicus
Epigastric
region—region above the stomach
Cavity
Cranial
cavity—space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the
skull
Thoracic
cavity—space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes
and other organs
Abdominal
cavity—below chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach,
gallbladder and intestine
Pelvic
cavity—space below abdomen containing portions of intestines, rectum,
urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Pleural
cavity—space between the folds of the pleura surrounding each lung
Spinal
cavity—space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord
Plane
Frontal
plane—divides the body or structure into anterior or posterior portions
Sagittal
plane—vertical plane dividing the body into left and right sides
Transverse
plane—separate the body into upper and lower portions
Division of spinal column
Cervical—neck
region (there are 7 vertebrae) C1-C7
Thoracic—chest
region (T1- T12)
Lumbar—between
the ribs and hipbone (L1 – L5)
Sacral--(S1- S5)
sacrum
Coccygeal—the
coccyx is a small bone composed of four fused pieces
Quadrants
Right
upper quadrant (RUQ)—contain liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part
of pancreas, parts of small and large intestine
Left upper
quadrant (LUQ)—contain liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas and
part of small and large intestine
Right
lower quadrant (RLQ)—contain parts of the small and large
intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix and right ureter
Left Lower
Quadrant (LLQ)—contain parts of small and large intestines, left ovary, left
fallopian tube and left ureter
Positional or Directional Terms
Anterior—front side of the body
Posterior (Dorsal)—back of
the body
Deep—away from
the surface
Superficial—on the
surface.
Proximal—near at
the point of attachment to the trunk
Distal—far from
the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of the structure
Inferior—below
another structure. The feet are at the inferior part of the body
Superior—above the structure
Medial—pertaining to middle
Lateral—pertaining to the side
Supine—lying on your back
Prone—lying on your belly
Meaning
Abdomen—constitutes
the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis
Adipose—fat tissue
Anabolism--(build
up) occurs in endoplasmic reticulum, is the process of building large protein
from small protein pieces called amino acid.
Cartilage—connective tissue
Catabolism--(break
down) use nutrient and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food.
Caudal—away from
the head or an inferior position.
Cell membrane—surrounds
and protects the cell and regulates what passes through into and out of the
cell
Cephalic—pertaining to head
Chondroma—mass of connective tissue
Chromosomes—rods like
structures within the nucleus. It contains regions called genes.
Condrosarcoma—mass of
flesh in connective tissue
Coccyx—tail bone
Cranial—pertaining to skull
Craniotomy—surgical incision of the skull
Cytoplasm—includes
all the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane. It
contain specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell
Diaphragm—muscular
wall that divides/separate the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Disk—pad of cartilage between vertebra
DNA—each gene
contains a chemical called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Endoplasmic
reticulum—network of canals within the cytoplasm and manufacture proteins
for the cell
Epithelial
cells—skin cell cover the outside of the body. Square and flat to
provide protection
Fat cell—contain
large, empty space for fat storage
Genes—region of
DNA within each chromosomes
Histology—specialist in tissue
Iliac—pertaining to ilium
Intervertebral—pertaining
to between backbones
Karyotype—picture
of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. it can determine whether chromosomes
are normal
Larynx—voice box
Lumbosacral—pertaining to lumbar sacrum
Mediastinum—centrally
located space outside and between the lungs
Metabolism—total of
the chemical process in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism
Mitochondria—sausage
shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy.
Catabolism is the process that occur in mitochondria
Muscle
cell—long and slender and contain fibres that aid in contracting and
relaxing
Nerve cell—long have various fibrous extensions that aid in its
jobs of carrying impulses
Nucleic—pertaining
to nucleus
Nucleus—controls
the operations of the cell. It directs the cell division and determines the
structure and functions of the cell
Pharynx—throat
Peritoneum—double
folded membrane surrounded the abdominal cavity
Pituitary
gland—endocrine gland at the base of the brain
Pleura—double
folded membrane that surrounds the lungs
Ribosomes—attached
to endoplasmic reticulum, which build long chains of proteins
Sacral—pertaining to sacrum
Sacrum—the
triangular bone just below the lumbar vertebrae
Sarcoma—mass of flesh
Spinal
column—bone tissues surrounding the spinal cavity (backbone, spine,
vertebral column)
Spinal
cord—nervous tissue within the spinal cord
Thoracotomy—surgical incision of chest wall
Thyroid
gland—endocrine gland that surround the trachea in the neck
Tracheal—pertaining to trachea
Ureter—one of
two tubes, each leading from single kidney to the urinary bladder
Urethra—tube from
the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Uterus—the womb
Ventral—pertaining
to anterior or front side of the body
Vertebral—pertaining to vertebra
Vertebra—backbone
Vertebrae—backbones
Viscera—internal glands
Visceral—pertaining to internal glands
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